Presumptive diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae or Legionella pneumonia (Legionnaires’ disease) caused by L. pneumophila.

• Current American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Red Book recommendations note that detection of S. pneumoniae is not useful in children because asymptomatically colonized children may have positive test results. 
• ImmuView® S. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila Urinary Antigen Test has been validated using urine specimens only. Other specimens (e.g. serum, plasma or other body fluids) can cause false results and should not be tested.
• A negative result does not exclude the possibility of a Legionella infection, as it can be caused by other serogroups and Legionella species. There is no single satisfactory laboratory test for Legionnaires’ Disease. Therefore, culture results, PCR, serology, and/or antigen detection methods should be used in conjunction with clinical findings to make an accurate diagnosis. 
• A negative result does not exclude an S. pneumoniae infection. The result of this test as well as culture, serology, or other detection methods should be used in conjunction with clinical findings to make an accurate diagnosis. 
• S. pneumoniae vaccine may cause false positive results up to 10 days after vaccination. 
• Administration of antibiotics might influence the test results for S. pneumoniae. 
• False results may occur from highly basic (pH≥9) urine and give false positive S.pneumoniae results. Water-based personal lubricant might result in false positive or gray L. pneumophila lines when found in the sample at high levels.