• All ISH stains will include a positive control tissue

Kappa and Lambda stains are used to determine monoclonality in malignant plasmacytic or lymphoid populations, and polyclonality in benign populations

Submit a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block

FFPE tissue section mounted on a charged, unstained slide

Ambient (preferred)

• Unlabeled/mislabeled block
• Insufficient tissue
• Slides broken beyond repair

In-situ hybridization (ISH) and microscopic examination

If requested, an interpretive report will be provided

Specifications

• Kappa antibody reacts with free kappa chains and kappa chains in immunoglobulin complexes

Staining pattern

• Cytoplasmic staining is present in plasma cells, and in plasmacytoid lymphocytes
• Cell surface membrane staining can be seen on B-lymphocytes (this pattern is less likely to be identified on paraffin sections, but is more easily identified on frozen tissue)
• Since endogenous immunoglobulin is present in all human tissues, diffuse "background" staining is expected

References

1. Wolf BC, et al: An evaluation of immunohistologic stains for immunoglobulin light chains in bone marrow biopsies in benign and malignant plasma cell proliferations. Am J Clin Pathol 94:642-746, 1990.