Movement disorder (myoclonus, tremor, dyskinesias)
Headache
Cognitive impairment/encephalopathy
Autoimmune stigmata (personal history or family history or signs of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorder, vitiligo, premature graying of hair, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic adrenocortical insufficiency) or "multiple sclerosis"
History of cancer
Smoking history (20+ pack years) or other cancer risk factors
Investigating seizures occurring within the context of a subacute multifocal neurological disorder without obvious cause, especially in a patient with past or family history of cancer
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Sterile vial/container
4.0 mL
2.0 mL
Sterile vial
Refrigerated (preferred) - 28 days
Frozen - 28 days
Ambient - 72 hrs
28 days
Gross hemolysis
Gross lipemia
Gross icterus
Mayo Clinic Laboratories (EPC2): R-NX
Varies
8 - 12 days
Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), Cell Binding Assay (CBA) and Western Blot (WB), Radioimmunoassay (RIA), and Immunoblot (IB)